Zaman, Tahira Adeel (2025) The Relationship Between L1-L2 Proficiency and Its Effect On Cognitive Flexibility and Academic Speaking Skills of Bilingual Learners. Doctoral thesis, Asia e Unviersity, Malaysia.
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Abstract
This study aims to explore the effect of the L1-L2, that is bilingualism, on the cognitive abilities and academic speaking skills of learners in the Pakistani context. Specifically, it seeks to identify factors that influence learners' abilities to deliver presentations and engage in creative discussions, evaluate the effectiveness of a bilingual medium of instruction, and propose guidelines for bilingual pedagogy at the tertiary level. Employing a Mixed Methods approach, the study involves a sample of 380 undergraduate students selected through convenience sampling, along with interviews with four teachers, selected through purposive judgment sampling. Four research instruments are utilized, including an adopted questionnaire and a cognitive flexibility scale sourced from the literature. Additionally, classroom observations, presentation score comparisons, and interview protocols are employed to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis are conducted to analyse survey data for mean and cumulative percentage, while thematic analysis techniques are employed to analyse data obtained from classroom observations and interviews. The findings of the study provided valuable insights into the effect of bilingualism on cognitive flexibility and its manifestation in academic speaking skills. Notably, academic speaking skills are found to be indicative of learners' ability to provide evidence and rationale to support their viewpoints. The interactive relationship between L1 and L2 further underscores the complexity of bilingual language use. As a result, the study suggests pedagogical approaches for language classes at the tertiary level, aiming to optimize the learning experiences of bilingual learners.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Bilingual, bilingualism, L1-L2 relationship, cognitive flexibility, academic speaking skills, classroom observation, interviews |
| Divisions: | School of Graduate Studies |
| Depositing User: | Muhamad Aizat Nazmi Mohd Nor Hamin |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Oct 2026 02:41 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2026 02:41 |
| URI: | http://ur.aeu.edu.my/id/eprint/1534 |
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